![]() National Archives and Records AdministrationĮxcerpt from the 'Day of Infamy' Radio Addressįreeman, Elsie, Wynell Burroughs Schamel and Jean West. Roosevelt Library in Hyde Park, NY.Īnnotated Typewritten Copy of What is Commonly Referred to as FDR's"Day of Infamy" Speech The document featured in this article, the typewritten draft, is housed at the Franklin D. that same afternoon, President Roosevelt signed the declaration of war. The Senate responded with a unanimous vote in support of war only Montana pacifist Jeanette Rankin dissented in the House. On December 8, at 12:30 p.m., Roosevelt addressed a joint session of Congress and the Nation via radio. He made the most significant change in the critical first line, which originally read, "a date which will live in world history." Grace Tully then prepared the final reading copy, which Roosevelt subsequently altered in three more places. President Roosevelt then revised the typed draft-marking it up, updating military information, and selecting alternative wordings that strengthened the tone of the speech. He had composed the speech in his head after deciding on a brief, uncomplicated appeal to the people of the United States rather than a thorough recitation of Japanese perfidies, as Secretary of State Cordell Hull had urged. At about 5:00 p.m., following meetings with his military advisers, the President calmly and decisively dictated to his secretary, Grace Tully, a request to Congress for a declaration of war. Roosevelt and his chief foreign policy aide, Harry Hopkins, were interrupted by a telephone call from Secretary of War Henry Stimson and told that the Japanese had attacked Pearl Harbor. ![]() Roosevelt's War Address BackgroundĮarly in the afternoon of December 7, 1941, President Franklin D. Navy Machinist’s Mate 1st Class Keith Tipsword of Effingham County, Herbert Jacobson of Grayslake, and Navy Fireman 1st Class George Price of Dallas City.'A Date Which Will Live in Infamy' The First Typed Draft of Franklin D. Several deceased servicemen previously unable to be identified have in recent years had their remains identified and returned home to be buried in Illinois, including Michael Glajdik of Lockport Township, U.S. Olive, William Arbuckle of Marshall, Captain Thomas Kirkpatrick, a Navy Chaplain Edward Clapp of Forsyth, brothers Jason and Bernard Conlin of Decatur, Virgil Rayhel of Walnut Prairie, and Navy Fireman First Class Robert Harr of Dallas City. Thirty days after the Pearl Harbor attack, 134,000 Americans enlisted in the military.Īmong the servicemen from Illinois who perished at Pearl Harbor were Lt. The United States became a full participant in the Allied cause against the Axis powers. ![]() War was also declared against Germany and Italy three days later. Pearl Harbor changed everything, with President Roosevelt receiving approval from all but one member of Congress in declaring war on Japan. Most Americans had hoped to avoid direct involvement in World War II, which was raging in Europe since 1939. “It’s important that we always remember the sacrifices these guys made and honor each one as they fought to the end, even though the odds were against them.” “Thousands of American soldiers lost their lives defending our freedoms on Dec. The war ended in August 1945, but not before 416,800 American service members would lose their lives. People were encouraged to stay home and be as economical and frugal as possible. Gasoline was also rationed, along with other supplies, to be sure there was enough supply for the Army and Navy. Most household items were being rationed, along with tires, as Japan had become the main rubber-producer of the world. Not only was the nation now thrust into the heart of battle in World War II, life in the country would be very different for the next few years. The attacks on Pearl Harbor permanently changed the lives of millions of Americans. The battleship USS Arizona remains sunken in Pearl Harbor with its crew onboard, with half of the fatalities at Pearl Harbor being crew members on that ship. In addition, the Japanese Empire sent two heavy cruisers, 35 submarines, two light cruisers, nine oilers, two battleships, and 11 destroyers. ![]() The fleet included 40 torpedo planes, 103 level bombers, 131 dive-bombers, and 79 fighters. The Japanese strike force was massive and included 353 aircraft launched from four heavy carriers. The attack also injured 1,178 people, and included with the deceased were 68 civilians. service personnel, including 50 servicemen from Illinois. The surprise attack on an early Sunday morning killed 2,403 U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt uttered those words in response to the heinous and deliberate attack by the Empire of Japan on the United States Naval Base at Pearl Harbor. December 7, 1941, will be forever known as ‘ The Date That Will Live in Infamy’ in the United States.
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